Figure 6.

The entire CRPS pathogenesis. Starting point: hypoxic changes. Mediated by NFκB, a trigger that induces hypoxic changes can induce the entire pathogenesis of CRPS. SP = Substance P, CGRP = Calcitonin Gene-related Protein, VIP = Vasoactive Intestinal Protein, NPY = Neuropeptide Y, NPY-Y1-R = Neuropeptide Y-Y1 Receptor, NEP = Neutral-Endopeptidase, ACE = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, SMP = Sympathetically Maintained Pain, NO = Nitric Oxide, iNOS = inducible Nitric Oxidase, ONOO = peroxynitrite